Math and Logic Puzzles §
Math Concepts §
Prime Number Law
- Every positive integer can be decomposed into a product of primes
- In order for a number
x to divide a number y, (y/x) or y%x = 0,
all primes in x’s prime factorization must be in y’s prime factorization
Sieve of Eratosthenes
- Highly efficient way to generate a list of primes
- It works by recognizing that all non-prime numbers are divisible by a prime number
Probability §
Bayes' Theorem
Independence
- If A and B are independent, then
P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B)
- If one event tells nothing about the other event.
Mutual Exclusivity
- If A and B are mutually exclusive, then
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
- and
P(A and B) = 0
- If one event occurs, then the other cannot occur.